云計(jì)算精準(zhǔn)而神秘。最近企業(yè)關(guān)于云計(jì)算的一個(gè)熱議話(huà)題就是高管們對(duì)云計(jì)算的那些方面半信半疑，在哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論中，麻省理工大學(xué)數(shù)字商業(yè)中心的首席研究員Andrew McAfee就以下要點(diǎn)與高級(jí)執(zhí)行官分享意見(jiàn)，以便在權(quán)衡是否向其他企業(yè)組織托管的服務(wù)器中移入更多的線(xiàn)上信息技術(shù)時(shí)加以考慮：

預(yù)算窘境

　　理論上，云提供的任何東西都可與內(nèi)部的方法相匹配。但是IT總是捉襟見(jiàn)肘，據(jù)微軟統(tǒng)計(jì)，只有11%的資金用于開(kāi)發(fā)新程序，余下的花銷(xiāo)都用于維修和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。而且，11%中大多用于大戰(zhàn)略中，如：購(gòu)買(mǎi)和確立核心企業(yè)制度。McAfee博士指出：“如此下來(lái)，無(wú)法確保職員在任何地點(diǎn)、任何設(shè)備和任何人訪問(wèn)需要的文件�！�

促進(jìn)合作

　　團(tuán)隊(duì)合作在以前都是天方夜譚，但現(xiàn)在這種方式創(chuàng)造了云計(jì)算的豐功偉績(jī)。如：位于弗吉尼亞的咨詢(xún)公司CSC轉(zhuǎn)向與Jive（基于云計(jì)算的協(xié)作軟件的制造商）合作后，2萬(wàn)5千多人注冊(cè)，創(chuàng)建了2100個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)。CSC總裁稱(chēng)這一成果令人“瞠目結(jié)舌”，他還補(bǔ)充道：“這是我們合作方式的實(shí)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這是公司的表達(dá)方式�！�

分析數(shù)據(jù)以便洞悉內(nèi)部情況

　　分析學(xué)是云計(jì)算另一主要好處，它可以了解、預(yù)測(cè)和影響客戶(hù)行為。但是位于佐治亞州的Radiant Systems(為成千上萬(wàn)的餐廳提供Aloha銷(xiāo)售終端系統(tǒng))也使用云聚集數(shù)據(jù)更好的掌控員工盜竊，分析可疑模式，如：在周五的晚上有大量高于平均值的小費(fèi)，這表明酒保沒(méi)有收取酒水費(fèi)用來(lái)贏得高額小費(fèi)。

　　在云計(jì)算出現(xiàn)以前，軟件開(kāi)發(fā)者需要購(gòu)買(mǎi)、配置和維修自己的服務(wù)器，這會(huì)使開(kāi)發(fā)者不能集中精力編寫(xiě)優(yōu)質(zhì)的編碼。當(dāng)位于明尼蘇達(dá)州的3M公司轉(zhuǎn)向Windows Azure 云平臺(tái)時(shí)，平面設(shè)計(jì)師也可以使用 Visual Attention Service軟件工具，此時(shí)，同時(shí)，3M在沒(méi)有資金的情況下獲得了快速便捷擴(kuò)大容量的機(jī)會(huì)。云計(jì)算使公司在有限的困擾下擴(kuò)大了IT規(guī)模，增加了IT的影響力，加快了訪問(wèn)和部署。

管理障礙

　　由于在轉(zhuǎn)移前，公司混雜的保留系統(tǒng)必須進(jìn)行整頓和簡(jiǎn)化，因此移入云計(jì)劃會(huì)面臨合并和統(tǒng)一的艱難抉擇。

成本

　　關(guān)于成本的調(diào)查——移入云是節(jié)省成本還是增加成本——是矛盾的。但是McAfee認(rèn)為，由于規(guī)模優(yōu)勢(shì)，久而久之，構(gòu)建和維持技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況會(huì)有利于云發(fā)展，成本也會(huì)下降。

可靠性

　　如果谷歌或亞馬遜倒閉，那這將是新聞?lì)^條。但實(shí)際上，加利福尼亞帕洛阿爾托的Radicati 集團(tuán)（技術(shù)市場(chǎng)研究公司）判斷，谷歌 Gmail的可靠度是普通公司e-mail系統(tǒng)的32倍。

Cloud computing is wispy and mysterious, one of the latest hot ideas for business about which many top executives are dubious. In Harvard Business Review, Andrew McAfee, principal research scientist at MIT’s Center for Digital Business, shares these points for senior execs to consider when weighing whether to move more information technology online to servers hosted by other organizations:

Theoretically, anything the cloud provides can be matched by on-premise approaches. But IT budgets are invariably stretched, with only 11 per cent of money spent on developing new applications, according to Microsoft. The rest of the spending goes to maintenance and infrastructure. Moreover, much of that 11 per cent is spent on big strategic efforts such as purchasing and establishing a core enterprise system. “That leaves few resources for, say, ensuring that employees have access to all the documents they need no matter where they are, what devices they are using, and whom they are working with,” Dr. McAfee notes.

Facilitating collaboration

Some of cloud computing’s greatest successes have come from allowing groups to work together in ways not previously possible. For example, after Virginia-based consulting firm CSC turned to Jive, a maker of cloud-based collaboration software, more than 25,000 people registered, creating 2,100 groups. CSC’s president called the results “stunning” and added, “It’s the de facto standard for how we collaborate. It’s the language of the company.”

Mining data for insights

Analytics are another key benefit of the cloud, helping to understand, predict and influence customer behaviour. But Georgia-based Radiant Systems, which supplies the Aloha point-of-sale system to thousands of restaurants, also used the cloud-gathered data to get a better handle on employee theft, analyzing it for suspicious patterns such as a volume of tips far above the average on a Friday night, suggesting the bartender was not charging for drinks in return for a high gratuity.

Developing and hosting applications

Before the cloud, software developers needed to buy, configure and maintain their own servers, which was a distraction from the core activity of writing good code. When Minnesota-based 3M Co. turned to the Windows Azure cloud platform when making its Visual Attention Service software tools available to graphic designers, 3M gained the opportunity to add capacity quickly and easily, with no capital. The cloud allows companies to increase the scale and power of their IT and the speed at which it can be accessed and deployed, with limited headaches.

Administrative barriers

Moving to the cloud forces tough decisions about consolidation and standardization, since the company’s hodgepodge of legacy systems must be untangled and simplified before bring transferred.

Costs

Findings about costs – whether moving to the cloud saves or adds money – have been contradictory. But Dr. McAfee argues that over time, economics of building and maintaining a technology infrastructure will favour the cloud because of the advantages of scale, as costs go down.

Reliability

It’s big news when Google or Amazon goes down. But in fact the Radicati Group, a technology market research firm in Palo Alta, Calif., estimates that Google’s Gmail is 32 times more reliable than the average corporate e-mail system.

Harvey Schachter is a Battersea, Ont.-based writer specializing in management issues. He writes Monday Morning Manager for The Globe and Mail's T.G.I.M. page, management book reviews on Wednesdays and an online work-life balance column on Fridays.

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